CIBS Research
Explore the Research of CIBS2023
Development of Reduced-order System Models for Next Generation Comfort Cooling Equipment
- Project Team: Students: Shahzad Yousaf, Mohsin Tanveer; Faculty: Craig R. Bradshaw, Rushikesh Kamalapurkar, Omer San
- Project Number: AR-42
- Goals: This project aims to develop reduced order models for variable speed unitary equipment to support development of equipment maps, building energy models, and model-predictive optimal control.
- Outcomes/Deliverables: This project will deliver: a reduced-order black-box model, a reduced-order gray-box model, equipment test data, and a high-fidelity dynamic equipment model.
- Scholarship(s): Yousef, S., Bradsaw, C. R., Kamalapurkar, R., & San, O. (2022). "Physics Informed
Machine Learning Based Reduced Order Model of Unitary Equipment”. International Refrigeration
and Air Conditioning Conference. Paper 2417;
Yousaf, S., Bradshaw, C. R., Kamalapurkar, R., & San, O. (2023). “Investigating critical model input features for unitary air conditioning equipment”. Energy and Buildings, 284, 112823
Physics-Based Charge Models for Low-GWP Refrigerants in Heat Pump Applications
- Project Team: Students:Amr Abdelmoneim, Abraham Lee: Faculty: Christian Bach, Craig R. Bradshaw
- Project Number: 22-03-02
- Goals: Project aims to increase fin-tube heat exchanger charge models’ prediction accuracy to better than 10% for low-GWP refrigerants through an experimentally validated void fraction model
- Outcomes/Deliverables: This project will deliver: Refrigerant charge data set for a member selected subset of heat exchangers, and void-fraction models validated for select heat exchangers and refrigerants
- Scholarships: Lee, A. J., C. K. Bach, C. R. Bradshaw (2023). An Experimental Data-Driven Charge Model for Round-Tube-Plate-Fin Heat Exchangers Using Low-GWP Refrigerants. Submitted to JIJR on 03/07/2023; Lee, A. J., C. K. Bach, C. R. Bradshaw (2023). Development of Multi-Objective Optimization Framework for Reducing Refrigerant Charge and Increasing Cooling Capacity of a Heat Pump. Submitted to JIJR on 03/12/2023.
Enabling Thermal Energy Storage to Accommodate Oklahoma Wind Energy- TriCoil as Cost Effective Means for Residential System Integration
- Project Team: Student: Khaled I. Alghamdi; Faculty: Christian K. Bach, Jeffrey D. Spitler
- Project Number: OCAST AR37-22
- Goals: This project will evaluate a novel three-fluid fin-and-tube heat exchanger (TriCoil™) for cost effective integration of thermal energy storage with conventional air conditioning or heat pump systems
- Outcomes/Deliverables: This project will evaluate technical feasibility through a prototype system, and economic viability through in-depth coupled building and thermal storage simulation study
- Scholarship(s): Alghamdi, K. I., Bach, C. K., Spitler, J. D., & Istiaque, F., 2023. Modeling, Simulating, and Validating a Novel Three-Fluid Heat Exchanger (Tricoil™) for a Residential Heating and Air-Conditioning System Integrating Water-Based Thermal Energy Storage. Available at SSRN: http://dx.doi.org/; Alghamdi, K. I., Bach, C. K., & Spitler, J. D., 2022. Water-Based Thermal Energy Storage for Heating and Air-Conditioning Applications in Residential Buildings: Review and Preliminary Study. International Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Conference. Paper 2345. https://docs.lib.purdue.edu/iracc/2345
Development of a Vapor Injected and Refrigerant Flexible Semi-Empirical Compressor Model
- Project Team: Student: Amjid Khan; Faculty: Craig R. Bradshaw
- Project Number: 23-01-2
- Goals: This project aims to develop a reduced order semi-empirical model for vapor injected compressor that has the potential to predict the performance against variation in refrigerant properties
- Outcomes/Deliverables: This project will deliver a refrigerant flexible vapor injected compressor model, automation upgrade to compressor load stand, and high-fidelity experimental data for various compressor technologies
- Scholarships: Khan, A., Bradshaw, C. R., (2022). “Quantitative Comparison of the Performance of Vapor Compression Cycles with Various Means of Compressor Flooding”, International Compressor Engineering Conference, https://docs.lib.purdue.edu; Amjid Khan, Craig Bradshaw (2023), “Quantitative Comparison of the Performance of Vapor Compression Cycles with Compressor Vapor or Liquid Injection”, International journal of refrigeration. (Under Review)
Compressor Technology Evaluation for Heat Pumps using Low-GWP Working Fluids
- Project Team: Student: Mohsin Tanveer; Faculty: Craig R. Bradshaw
- Project Number: 23-02-2
- Goals: This project aims to iaddress low-GWP refrigerants and decarburization challenges by tacking the following research question, “What makes a good heat pump compressor?"
- Outcomes/Deliverables: This project will deliver a final code of scaling analysis, geometry optimization, and scroll, rotary, and spool compressors, as well as a dataset of validation information for scroll and rotary compressors
- Scholarship: Tanveer, M. M., & Bradshaw, C. R. (2020). Quantitative and qualitative evaluation of various positive-displacement compressor modeling platforms. International Journal of Refrigeration, 119,48-63. https://www.sciencedirect.com/, Tanveer, M. M., & Bradshaw, C. R. (2021). Performance evaluation of low GWP refrigerants in 1-100 ton scroll compressors. International Journal of Refrigeration, 129, 317-331. https://www.sciencedirect.com/, Tanveer, M. M., Bradshaw, C. R., Ding, X., & Ziviani, D. (2022). Mechanistic chamber models: A review of geometry, mass flow, valve, and heat transfer sub-models. International Journal of Refrigeration. https://www.sciencedirect.com/, Tanveer, Tanveer, M. Mohsin, and Craig R. Bradshaw. “Pseudo-Optimum Geometries for 1-100 Ton Spool Compressors with Low-GWP Refrigerants." International Journal of Refrigeration (accepted).
Benefits of Secondary Loop Systems: Thermal Storage and Demand Response
- Project Team: Students: Pouria Moghimi; Faculty: Jeffrey D. Spitler, Christian Bach
- Project Number: 23-06-2
- Goals: Develop experimental testbed and validated simulation model of buried thermal energy storage tanks that can be installed with a backhoe-mounted augur
- Outcomes/Deliverables: This year, the anticipated outcomes are a field test of a buried TES tank, improved models and further insight into techno-economic feasibility
- Scholarship: N/A yet
Solar-powered ultra-low-GWP heat pumps with DC compressors and TES
- Project Team: Students:Gabriel Parker; Faculty: Jeffrey D. Spitler, Craig R. Bradshaw, Ardeshir Moftakhari
- Project Number: 23-07-2
- Goals: Develop innovative system configurations, appropriate for use in a near zero-energy house, that make use of thermal energy storage, air-to-water heat pumps with alternative refrigerants, and grid or local solar photovoltaic power
- Outcomes/Deliverables: This year, the anticipated outcomes are experimental testing of the components, implementation of a DC compressor in our air-to-water heat pump, along with replacing the refrigerant with R1234yf
- Scholarship: N/A yet
Reversing Valve Loss and Leakage Models for Low Temperature Heat Pumps
- Project Team: Students:Dipa Saha, Julfikar Ali, Jacob Taylor; Faculty: Prem Bikkina, Ardeshir Moftakhari
- Project Number: 24-01
- Goals: This project provides data for reversing valves for low-GWP refrigerants for cold climate heat pumps and semi-empirical models for pressure drop, heat loss, and leakage
- Outcomes/Deliverables: This project delivers a database of experimental reversing valve performance as well as models to be used in members simulation tools
- Scholarship: N/A yet
Development of Wetting and Non-Wetting Surfaces for Improved Heat Transfer Applications
- Project Team: Students:Md Sazzadul Islam Sajol; Faculty: Christian Bach, Craig R. Bradshaw
- Project Number: 24-04
- Goals: Develop, characterize, and test refrigerant-philic and -phobic surfaces, to achieve enhanced heat transfer efficiency in refrigeration systems by preventing and promoting bubble nucleation on heating and boiling surfaces, respectively
- Outcomes/Deliverables: High-thermal conductivity low surface tension refrigerant-philic and -phobic surfaces will be developed and tested for improved heat transfer applications ranging from thermal power plants to refrigeration
- Scholarship: N/A yet
Physics-Based Models for Performance Analysis of Refrigerant-To-Water Heat Exchangers in Hydronic Heat Pump Applications
- Project Team: Students:Saqib Ayuob; Faculty: Ardeshir Moftakhari,Craig R. Bradshaw, Christian Bach
- Project Number: 24-06
- Goals: Project aims to provide new performance data and models for performance evaluation of refrigerant-to-water heat exchangers with low-GWP refrigerants for hydronic heat pump applications
- Outcomes/Deliverables: This project will deliver: (1) physics-based models for performance analysis of refrigerant-to-water heat exchangers, and (2) test data for refrigerant-to-water heat exchangers with low-GWP refrigerants
- Scholarship: N/A yet
CIBS Publications
- 2024 Publications
Moghimi, P. J.D. Spitler, and C.K. Bach. 2024. System and Component Model Development of a Secondary Loop System with Buried Thermal Energy Storage Tank. Proceedings of Enerstock 2024, Lyon, France. June 5-7, 2024. Paper 519772.
- 2023 Publications
- 2022 Publications
Latif, H., Rahnama, S., Maccarini, A., Bradshaw, C. R., Nielsen, P., Hultmark, G., Afshari, A. 2022. Precision Ventilation for an Open-Plan Office: A Study of Variable Jet Interaction Between Chilled Beams. Sustainability 2022. 14, 11466.
Saleem, S., Bradshaw, C.R., Bach, C.K. 2022. Development of Design Guidelines for Fin-and-Tube Heat Exchangers with Low-GWP Refrigerants. International Journal of Refrigeration. 143 (2022) pp.166-181. (CIBS 21-05)
Saleem, S., Bradshaw, C.R., Bach, C.K. 2022. Performance assessment of R1234ze(E) as a low GWP substitute to R410A in fin-and-tube heat exchangers. International Journal of Refrigeration. 134 (2022) pp.253-264. (CIBS 21-05)
Tanveer, M., Bradshaw, C.R., Ding, X., Ziviani, D., 2022. Mechanistic Chamber Models: A Review of Geometry, Mass Flow, Valve, and Heat Transfer Sub-Models. International Journal of Refrigeration. 142 (2022) pp.111-126.
Orosz, J., Kemp, G., Bradshaw, C.R., Groll, E.A., 2022. Updated Performance and Operating Characteristics of a Novel Rotating Spool Compressor. In: Proceedings of the International Compressor Engineering Conference, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA. No 1119.
Tanveer, M., Bradshaw, C.R., Ding, X., Ziviani, D., 2022. Mechanistic Chamber Models: A Review of Geometry, Mass Flow and Heat Transfer Sub-Models and an Outlook to Future Research. In: Proceedings of the International Compressor Engineering Conference, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA. No 1180.
Saleem, S., Bradshaw, C.R., Bach, C., 2022. R1234ze(E) as a Low-GWP Replacement of R410A in Fin-and-Tube Evaporators. In: Proceedings of the International Refrigeration Engineering Conference, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA. No 2193. (CIBS 21-05)
Islam, M., Nicholas, J., Bradshaw, C.R., 2022. Development and Experimental Validation of a Mechanistic Chamber Model of a Novel Peristaltic Compressor. In: Proceedings of the International Compressor Engineering Conference, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA. No 1210.
Khan, A., Bradshaw, C.R., 2022. Quantitative Comparison of the Performance of Vapor Compression Cycles with Various Means of Compressor Flooding. In: Proceedings of the International Compressor Engineering Conference, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA. No 1227.
Ghadiri, M., Bach, C., Bradshaw, C.R.„ 2022. R468C as a Low-GWP Replacement of R410A in Fin-and-Tube Evaporators. In: Proceedings of the International Refrigeration Engineering Conference, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA. No 2262. (CIBS 21-05)
Lee, A., Bach, C., Bradshaw, C.R.„ 2022. Differential Mass Evacuation Sampling Method for Measuring Refrigerant Charge in Round Tube Plate Fin Heat Exchangers (ASHRAE RP-1785). In: Proceedings of the International Refrigeration Engineering Conference, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA. No 2273.
Gabel, K., Bradshaw, C.R., 2022. Evaluation And Quantification Of Semi-Empirical Compressor Model Predictive Capabilities Under Modulation And Extrapolation Scenarios. In: Proceedings of the International Compressor Engineering Conference, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA. No 1318. (CIBS 21-11)
Tanveer, M., Bradshaw, C.R., Orosz, J, Kemp, G., 2021. Optimum Spool Compressor Aspect Ratio for R134a and R1234ze(E). In: Proceedings of the International Compressor Engineering Conference, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA. No 1379.
Yousaf, S., Bradshaw, C.R., Kamalapurkar, R., San, O., 2022. Physics Informed Machine Learning Based Reduced Order Model of Unitary Equipment. In: Proceedings of the International Refrigeration Engineering Conference, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA. No 2386. (CIBS AR-042)
Waikar, A., Rowinski, D., Kemp, G., Orosz, J., Bradshaw, C.R., 2022. Modeling a Spool Compressor Using a Coupled Fluid And Solid Solver With Cut-Cell Based CFD Methodology With Adaptive Mesh Refinement. In: Proceedings of the International Compressor Engineering Conference, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA. No 1140.
(CIBS 22-05)
(CIBS AR21-037)
- 2021 Publications
Saleem, S., Bradshaw, C.R., Bach, C.K., 2021. Validation of a multi-circuit heat exchanger model for evaluating the effect of refrigerant circuitry on cross-fin conduction in evaporator mode . International Journal of Refrigeration. 131 (2021) pp.623-633. (CIBS 21-05)
Islam, M., Tubbs, C., Bengs, C, Bradshaw, C.R.„ 2021. Development of a Reconfigurable Prototype Peristaltic Compressor. In: IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering: International Conference on Compressors and their Systems. 1180.
Liu, X., J. D. Spitler, M. Qu and L. Shi. 2021. Recent Developments in the Design of Vertical Borehole Ground Heat Exchangers for Cost Reduction and Thermal Energy Storage Journal of Energy Resources Technology 143(10).
(CIBS 22-05)
Yarborough, S., Bradshaw, C.R., Orosz, J., Kemp, G. 2021. Empirical Indicated Loss Analysis of a
Tanveer, M., Bradshaw, C.R. 2021. Performance Evaluation of Low-GWP Refrigerants in 1-100 ton
scroll compressors. International Journal of Refrigeration. 129 (2021), pp.317-331.
Islam, M., Tubbs, C., Bengs, C, Bradshaw, C.R.„ 2021. Development of a Reconfigurable Prototype
Peristaltic Compressor. IOP Conference Series: Material Science Engineering. Vol. 1180. 012046.
Tanveer, M., Bradshaw, C.R.„ 2021. Scaling Method for Scroll Compressor Geometry Based on
Manufacturing and Performance Constraints. In: Proceedings of the International Conference on
Compressors and their Systems, City University, London, UK.
Tanveer, M., Bradshaw, C.R.„ 2021. Performance Evaluation of low-GWP Refrigerants in 1-100
Ton Scroll Compressors. In: Proceedings of the International Conference on Compressors and their
Systems, City University, London, UK.
Lee, A., Bach, C., Bradshaw, C.R.„ 2021. Differential Mass Evacuation Sampling Technique for
Measuring Refrigerant Charge and Oil Retention of Round Tube Plate Fin Heat Exchangers
(ASHRAE RP-1785). In: Proceedings of the International Refrigeration Engineering Conference,
Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA. No 2124.
Saleem, S., Bradshaw, C.R.„ 2021. The Thermodynamic Behavior Of Low-GWP Zeotropic
Mixtures On Water-Source Heat Pump Equipment. In: Proceedings of the International
Refrigeration Engineering Conference, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA. No 2151.
Saleem, S., Sarfraz, S. Bach, C., Bradshaw, C.R.„ 2021. A Novel Experimental Infrastructure for
Collecting High-Fidelity Experimental Data for Refrigerant to Air Heat Exchangers. In:
Proceedings of the International Refrigeration Engineering Conference, Purdue University, West
Yarborough, S., Bradshaw, C.R., Orosz, J, Kemp, G., 2021. Empirical Indicated Loss Analysis of a
Semi-hermetic Light-Commercial Spool Compressor . In: Proceedings of the International
Compressor Engineering Conference, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA. No 1236.
Tanveer, M., Bradshaw, C.R.„ 2021. Quantitative and Qualitative Evaluation of Various
Positive-Displacement Compressor Modeling Platforms. In: Proceedings of the International
Compressor Engineering Conference, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA. No 1248.
Islam, M., Bradshaw, C.R.„ 2021. Development of Mechanistic Chamber Model of a Novel
Peristaltic Compressor for Air-conditioning and Refrigeration Applications. In: Proceedings of the
International Compressor Engineering Conference, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA.
- 2020 Publications
Tanveer, M., Bradshaw, C.R. 2020. Quantitative and Qualitative Evaluation of Various
Positive-Displacement Compressor Modeling Platforms. International Journal of Refrigeration.
Sarfraz, O., Bach, C.K., Bradshaw, C.R. 2020. Validation of advanced fin-and-tube heat exchanger
models with cross-fin conduction functionality. International Journal of Refrigeration. 116 (2020),
Lee, A., Bach, C.K., Bradshaw, C.R. 2020. Differential Mass Evacuation Sampling Technique for
Measuring Oil Retention and Refrigerant Charge of Round Tube Plate Fin Heat Exchangers
(ASHRAE RP-1785). Science and Technology for the Built Environment. 26 (2020), pp.790-804.
Saleem, S., Sarfraz, O., Bach, C.K., Bradshaw, C.R. 2020. Development of novel experimental
International Journal of Refrigeration. 114 (2020), pp.189-200.
Singleton, J., Schmidt, D. Bradshaw, C.R. 2020. Control and commissioning of a hot-gas bypass
compressor load stand for testing light-commercial compressors on low-GWP refrigerants.
International Journal of Refrigeration. 112 (2020), pp.82-89.
- 2019 Publications
Sarfraz, O., Bach, C.K., Bradshaw, C.R. 2019. A novel technique for computationally efficient
consideration of cross-fin conduction in fin-and-tube heat exchanger models. International Journal
of Refrigeration. 107 (2019), pp.73-83
Lee, A., Bach, C., Bradshaw, C.R., 2019. Study of Heat Exchanger Inlet Air Velocity Distribution
for Ducted Tests in a Psychrometric Chamber (ASHRAE RP-1785) . In: ASHRAE Transactions,
Atlanta. Vol 125 (2019). pp. 198-205.
Sarfraz, O., Bach, C.K., Bradshaw, C.R. 2019. Reduced order modeling for multi-circuit
fin-and-tube heat exchangers with multiple identical circuit types. International Journal of
Refrigeration. 106 (2019), pp. 236-247.
Sarfraz, O., Bach, C.K., Bradshaw, C.R. 2019. Discrete modeling of fin-and-tube heat exchangers
with cross-fin conduction functionality. International Journal of Refrigeration. 104 (2019), pp.
Schmidt, D., Singleton, J., Bradshaw, C.R. 2019. Development of a Light-Commercial Compressor
Load Stand to Measure Compressor Performance using Low-GWP Refrigerants. International
Journal of Refrigeration. 100(April 2019), 443-453.
Singleton, J., Schmidt, D. Bradshaw, C.R., 2019. Control and Commissioning of a Hot Gas Bypass
Compressor Load Stand for Testing Light-Commercial Compressors on Low-GWP Refrigerants .
In: 11th International Conference on Compressors and their Systems, City University, London,
Lee, A., Bach, C., Bradshaw, C.R., 2019. Study of Heat Exchanger Inlet Air Velocity Distribution
for Ducted Tests in a Psychrometric Chamber (ASHRAE RP-1785) . In: ASHRAE Transactions,
Atlanta. Vol 125 (2019). pp. 198-205.
- 2018 Publications
Sarfraz, O., Bach, C., Bradshaw, C.R. 2018. A Literature Review of Numerical Modeling
Techniques for Vapor Compression Systems with Focus on Heat Exchanger Modeling. In:
Proceedings of the International Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Conference, Purdue University,
West Lafayette, IN, USA. No 2439.
Schmidt, D., Singleton, J., Bradshaw, C.R., 2018. Development of a light-commercial compressor
load stand to measure compressor performance using low-GWP refrigerants. In: Proceedings of the
International Compressor Engineering Conference, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA.
Lee, J., Bach, C., Bradshaw, C.R., 2018. Experimental validation of refrigerant charge models in
coils for residential split systems. In: Proceedings of the International Refrigeration and Air
Conditioning Conference, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA. No 2670.